Surveying and Levelling by Kanetkar and Kulkarni: A Comprehensive Guide for Engineering Students and Practising Engineers
Surveying and Levelling by Kanetkar and Kulkarni: A Comprehensive Guide for Engineering Students and Practising Engineers
Surveying and levelling are two essential skills for any civil engineer who wants to design and construct roads, dams, buildings, bridges, and other structures. Surveying is the process of measuring the horizontal and vertical distances, angles, directions, and positions of points on the earth's surface. Levelling is the branch of surveying that deals with the measurement of the elevation of points with respect to a reference level, such as mean sea level or a benchmark.
surveying and levelling by kanetkar and kulkarni pdf rar
One of the most popular and widely used textbooks on surveying and levelling is Surveying and Levelling by T. P. Kanetkar and S. V. Kulkarni. This book covers all the basic and advanced topics of surveying and levelling, such as chain surveying, compass surveying, plane table surveying, theodolite surveying, traverse surveying, tacheometric surveying, contouring, curves, triangulation, astronomical surveying, errors and adjustments, photogrammetry, remote sensing, global positioning system (GPS), geographic information system (GIS), and more.
The book is written in a simple and lucid language, with numerous examples, illustrations, diagrams, tables, and solved problems. The book also contains objective type questions, review questions, and exercises at the end of each chapter to test the understanding of the readers. The book is suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate students of civil engineering, as well as practising engineers who want to refresh their knowledge and skills in surveying and levelling.
If you are looking for a reliable and comprehensive source of information on surveying and levelling, you should definitely check out Surveying and Levelling by T. P. Kanetkar and S. V. Kulkarni. You can download the PDF version of the book from this link[^1^]. However, we recommend that you buy the original book from a reputed publisher or online store to support the authors and get the best quality of content.Here are some more paragraphs for the article:
Why is surveying and levelling important?
Surveying and levelling are important for various reasons. Some of them are:
They help in planning and designing the layout of any engineering project, such as roads, railways, canals, dams, bridges, buildings, etc.
They help in determining the exact location, shape, size, and elevation of the land and the features on it.
They help in estimating the cost, quantity, and quality of the materials and labor required for the project.
They help in setting out the work on the ground according to the design and specifications.
They help in checking and controlling the accuracy and quality of the work during and after the construction.
They help in preparing maps, plans, drawings, and reports for documentation and legal purposes.
What are the types of surveying and levelling?
Surveying and levelling can be classified into various types based on different criteria. Some of them are:
Based on the nature of the field: Geodetic surveying (large-scale surveying over long distances and large areas) and Plane surveying (small-scale surveying over short distances and small areas).
Based on the method of measurement: Linear surveying (measurement of distances only) and Angular surveying (measurement of angles only) or both.
Based on the instrument used: Chain surveying (using a chain or a tape), Compass surveying (using a magnetic compass), Plane table surveying (using a plane table and an alidade), Theodolite surveying (using a theodolite), Traverse surveying (using a series of connected lines), Tacheometric surveying (using a tachymeter or a stadia rod), Contouring (using contour lines), Curves (using circular or transition curves), Triangulation (using triangles), Astronomical surveying (using celestial bodies), Errors and adjustments (using mathematical methods to correct and minimize errors), Photogrammetry (using photographs), Remote sensing (using satellites or aerial vehicles), Global positioning system (GPS) (using satellites and receivers), Geographic information system (GIS) (using computers and software).
Based on the purpose: Topographic surveying (determining the natural and artificial features of the land), Cadastral surveying (determining the boundaries and ownership of the land), Engineering surveying (determining the data required for engineering projects), Mining surveying (determining the data required for mining activities), Hydrographic surveying (determining the data required for water bodies), Military surveying (determining the data required for military operations).
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